Building construction.



E. D. MARTIN.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN ZI, 1909.

Patented 06's. 26, 1909' 1 i m y 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

E. D. MARTIN.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APELIOATIIQN FILED JAN. 21, 1909.-

938,393, Patented 0011.26, 1909.

SSEBETS-SHEET 2.

.14.. a. XW

E. D. MARTIN. BUILDING GONSTRUGTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 21, 1909.

w 3. .r h w m (w 2 /W L M A l C E M J W0 a I P EDGAR 1). MARTIN, OFCHICAGO, ILLIiaoIs, assi'elvon SMITH, or CHICAGO, mnmorsaz BUILDING;CONSTRU'CTEON.

osseea I Application filedli'anuery 21,1909. Serial no. 472,

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, EDGAR D. MARTIN, citizenof the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook andState of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in BuildingConstructions, of

which the following is a specification.

his invention relates to building constructions of that type whichcomprise a body of concrete and metallic reinforcements embeddedtherein.

This invention relates more particularly to that class of buildingconstructions in which the floor is supported Wholly upon the columns orupon the columns and inclosing Wall of the structure without the use ofany structural steel girders, reinforced concrete girders or the like.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide an in'iprovedconstruction of this class which shall be light in weight, easilyerected and when complete will be strong, substantial and capableofsustaining very heavy loads.

Another object is to simplify constructions of this type by minimizingand distributing the metal i'einforccment-s in. such positions that aminimum amount of metal may beemployed to produce a construction whichwill carry as heavy loads as is borne in structures where a much greateramount of metal is employed.

To such ends this invention consists in certain n'ovcl features ofconstruction and arrangement, a description of which will be found inthe following specification and the of which will be more essentialfeatures definitely pointed pended hereto.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the drawings furnished herewith,in which- Figure 1 is a'diagrannnatie plan view illustrating onearrangement of the metal reinforcement of the caps of the supportingcolumns and the metal reinforcements which are laid in the floor, Fig. 2is a vertical section taken through two columns and the floor, the lineof section being indicated at 2-2 F ig. 1, Fig. 3 is a vertical sectionthrough the floor taken on the line 38 of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a verticalsection throu h two columns and the floor taken on the the 44 of Fig. 1,Fig. 5 is a detail vert'c-al cross section taken on the. line 5-5 ofFig.

4, Fig. is a detail vertical section taken out in the claims ap-Specificetiou oflet'ters Patent.

' vertical or forcements.

,e ae teaoeaee, con.

material and Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a fragment of plan of thebuilding.

"1, ag, 7 fi apex: spective View of the'lowcl 5 0 relnforclng rectan lesare'prefer I ably arranged from gboustltibto" 24 feet: apart, dependingof course 'upon the general v" The construction ofthese columns isimmaterial to my invention @FM GEf or ate-mas so attenuate 1%;-

broadly considered, but asshown comprises vertical bars or rods 11 12,and a body of coneret' rods and connecti' Any well known fornrofl'sftqcan be employed in connect st ruction. The column "w th masco theirintersections with the va'rious fioors straign't rods extending parallelwith the lower inclined faces of-th'e brackets and the stirrups may berep'l ac d l verticall Rods 18, are placfed ff b'raclmts 14L, at of thefloor, K have down turned ends 18,'adapted to rest temporarily upon theWooden centers or molds in which the concrete is molded to form thefloor. The preferred form of ar rangcment is to have the rods above'thearms of the caps or my invention, as they may be arranged in variousother forms, as tor instance, they connecting hoo I.

V p 'vided with, widely spreading caps or brackets .,14, at

and, the] caps: or

ther, suitable and if desired, said rods may metal reinforcements,

' rodslo, and I,

extend .t rans- I column andiincline to'ward,:,

ip'is p efer:

5 .5 lie directly brackets, although this arrangcment is immaterial tomight be arranged in the form of a circle around the column, but byarranging them in the manner in which I have shown them it is possibleto use a lighter wei ht of metal and a com aratively small num er ofrods. In the pre erred form, the rods are arranged to extend through theturns of the stirrups as clearly indicated in Fig. 5, although this is amatter of convenience in erecting the building. A metal reinforcement,preferabl metal fabric, is laid over the area bounde by the columns andin the preferred form is laid throughout the floor, except of course atpoints where openings are cut through the cor for elevators, Stairways,and the like, and said metal fabric may consist of strips of wire mesh,expanded metal or the like, or it may comprise rods which are laid so asto form a fabric. The reinforcement takes the form of a single: sheetlying in .two

' planes, which planes are in staggered relaplane adjacent to the tionwith respect to each other, as seen at 19, 19. Between the brackets ofthe col umns the reinforcement lies in the lower plane and at ointswhere it passes over the caps or brac ets 14, the fabric rises to aupper face of the oor, preferably lyin upon the rods 18, as clearlyindicated in Fig. 6. It is immateria whether this fabric is aboveor'below the rods 18, but it is essential that it be adjacent to theupper edge of the floor at the points where it extends over the caps.Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the arrangement of the metal reinforcement 19,19', where it will be seen that it is offset or folded down at the outerends ofthe rods 18, and also folded down along the lines which extendfrom the ends of the rods 18, of each column. It ,will thus be seen thata single or unitary reinforcement'sheetis employed which takes care of athe tensile strains at the upper and'lower metal fabric of approximatelythe wi ric cover the faces of the floor, and that stresses at any pointon the floor will be "transmitted in every horizontal direction towardthe brack ets by the reinforcement. In certain classes of buildings noother reinforcements for the floor are necessary, but where greatstrength is re uired,'it is desirable to em loy a metal rein orcementwhich is embe ded in the floor at a point near its u per face; As shownin Figs. 1 and 2, additional reinforcements 20, extend diagonally acrossthe columns and preferably consist of stri s of th of the caps and asshown the strips of metal fabreater portion of the floor, although I finthat it is not essential to emloy very heavy fabric nor is it necessaryto ave the-fabric stretch from column to column as part may com riseloosely laid rods or wires, if desired. n erecting the building. themetal reinforcements are put in, place 'a'ntlwooden forms 21, are thensecured ing caps, of a around said metal reinforcements and the concretepoured in to the molds in the customary way. ,1

It will be noticed that the reinforcements for the floor are placed onlyat such points aS. they are required, thereby reducing to a minimum theamount of metal necessary to make a floor capable of sustaining very 1heavy loads.

I realize that various alterations and modifications of thetstructureare possible without departin from the spirit of my invention, and I 0not therefore desire to limit myself to the exact construction shown anddescribed, except as may be necessitated by the prior state of the art.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a building construction, the combination with columns havingsuitable caps, of a girderless floor supported thereby andv comprising abody of concrete united witlr the columns and caps, and a sheet of metalreinforcement extending through ut the floor and embedded in the concrte, t lat portion of the reinforcement which extends. between the capsbeing disposed near the lower face of the floor and that portion whichextends over the caps being di'sposednear the upper face of the floor,

2. In a building construction, the combination with columns havingwidely spi'eading caps, of a giirlerless flog-J supported thereby, andcomprising a body of concrete united with the columns and cups, and asheet of metal reinforcement embedded. in said concrete and extendingthrou hout'the floor between the caps in a plane acent to the lower faceof the floor and having offset portions above the caps which lie in aplane adjacent to the upper face of the floor 3. Ina buildingconstruction, thecombination with columns having wide] spreadof agirderless floor supported ing caps, thereby, and comprising a body ofconcrete united with the columns and ca s, and a sheet of reinforcementembedde in said concrete and extending between the several column capsin a plane adjacent to the lower faec of the floor, and havlng oflsetportions above the caps which lie in a plane adjacent to the upper faceof the floor.

4. In a building construction the combination with columns having widelyspreadgirderless floor supported thereby and comprising a body ofconcrete united with the columns and caps, and a reinforcementcomprising a sheet of metal fabric embedded in said concrete, and arraned to lie in a plane adjacent to the lower ace of the floor at allpoints between the caps and having offset portions lying .in a planeadjacent to the upper face of the floor atall points above the caps.- 1

5. In a building construction the combination with reinforced concretecolumns having widely sprawling metal reinforced concrete caps, of agirderlcss lioor supported thereby, and COlnpll I b a body of concreteand a single, sheet of metal fabric reinforow ent embedded in theconcrete and extendthroughout the floor bounded by the s, the portionsof said fabric which 'e hove, the caps being disposed near the ,p'perface of thc lioor and the portions of Iabric between the caps beingdepressed 0 l e adjacent to the lower face of the door, in a buildingconstrnction, the ooinbination with columns having widclv s greadiugcaps, of a girdcrl lioor :pported thereby, and comprising a body ofconcrete, a sheet 01 metal reinlorcomcnt extending throughout and havingportions U16 floor disposed abovc the median line ol the door at pointsabove the caps, and below the modian line of tho lioor bctv-rccu thocaps, and a second sheet of metal reinforcement extending between theseveral roliunns and lying Wholly in a single plane above tho nio dianline.

in a building constriu'tion, tho combination with columns having uidclysprca i- .ing caps, of a girderlcss i'ioor supported 1 llieroby, andcomprising a body of concr to, a sheet of metal fabric extending throughout the floor and having portions above tlic raps disposed above themedia. lino oi the i Y 1 thenortious between the caps dcclow the medianline of tho floor,

1 ct 01? metal :laln'io extending several columns and lying net-ween tWholly above slid median lino.

In a buildn r con. rut-lion, the (Ollibin'idcly spreadfloor supportedr'smn a body of concrete, ibric extruding througln being coin )osed ot'l'abric aid longitudinallr and latbuildina' and have portions 1 iswhich lie above the median line of t or, and portions between the capswhich liev below said median line, and a second sheet of metal fabriccomposed ol nd e l fabric strips laid diagonally across the caps of theseveral columns and lying in a plane aboveithe median line the :tloor.

a building construction, the oombi nation with columns eon'iprisina bodyoft concrete and metal reinforcemeins, and having; Widely spreading capscomprisii'ig a plurainy of radially disposed arms composed oi: bodie ofconcrete and meta en or-cements,

."f I: q ,1 Ll v. Q or a girdciieso llOOl snp ioiian iucicby and beingcomposed of a body of concrete. and two sheets of metal fabric embeddedin the concrete, one sheet bcing disposed wholly above the median lineof the floor and extending between the several columns and the othersheet extending;- throughout the lioor and having portions above thecaps whirl-h disposed above the median line of the floor, and portionsbetween the caps Wh'ch (llSliOSQLl below the median line of tho door. 7

1%). ii a building construction, the combination wil (b havingu'iilelyljsprcading naps, of a t lloor carricd tbereby and. comm-hang; abody of ooncrctc,a sheet of motal fabric extending throughout tho floorand having portions above the caps lying; above the median line of thefloor and portions between the caps disposed belowthe median line, and aseries of rods extending over the caps in a piano adjai'zcnt to theupper taco of the, lioor.

ll, in a building construction, the combination with columns havingWidely spread in suns, of a girderless floor carricd'thercby andcouipi'ising a body of concrete, a shoot i'nclal fabric extendingthroughout the floor and having portions above the caps lying above the.modiau line, of the i100 and portions bctwcen the :aps disposed belowthe median lino of tho lloor and a series of rods enondiiu; over thccaps in a plane adjaccnt to Rho upper face of the floor.

12. fr building construction, comprising in cmubinalimi, concrctccolumns having vertical and transverse mctal ruinfor-cements thorci'u,concrete floor Carrying arms integral with the columns, coiled rods orbars en'ibcdded in said arms and acting as metal rciiiit'orrcuicnts forthe arms, and a metal reinforced, concrete girdcrlcss floor slabintegral with the columns and arms.

A building; construction, comprising in ci'mil'iinalion, concretecolumns having vertical and trausvcrso metal rcinforcv'ucnts therein,concrete floor (carrying ill'lllr: -il:c grail with thooolninns,iuclalrcinforccmonts for said arms comprising coiled rods orbars and stirrnps embedded in said arms, and a "orccd, concrete,girderless floor

